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Understanding Dyslipidemia

What is Dyslipidemia?

Dyslipidemia means there are unhealthy levels of fats (lipids) in your blood, like cholesterol or triglycerides.

  • LDL cholesterol (“bad” cholesterol): Too much can clog arteries.
  • HDL cholesterol (“good” cholesterol): Helps clear fats, but too little increases risk.
  • Triglycerides: High levels can damage the heart and pancreas.

Dyslipidemia often has no symptoms. Many people only learn about it through a blood test.

Why is this important?

Uncontrolled dyslipidemia increases your risk of:

  • Heart attack and stroke
  • Heart failure
  • Kidney disease
  • Peripheral artery disease

The good news: Treatment works. Lowering LDL cholesterol and triglycerides greatly reduces the risk of future heart problems.

How Dyslipidemia is Diagnosed

A simple blood test called a lipid panel measures:

Total cholesterol

LDL cholesterol

HDL cholesterol

Triglycerides

Your doctor may also order:

  • ApoB: Shows the number of “bad” particles in your blood
  • Lp(a): A genetic form of cholesterol linked to higher heart disease risk

How Dyslipidemia is Treated

Medications

Your doctor may prescribe:

  • Statins: First-line drugs to lower LDL
  • Ezetimibe: Helps block cholesterol absorption
  • PCSK9 inhibitors: Powerful injectables to lower LDL further
  • Bempedoic acid: New option for those who can't take statins
  • Fibrates, omega-3s, or icosapent ethyl: For high triglycerides

Lifestyle

  • Eat heart-healthy foods (fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, healthy fats)
  • Be active — aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week
  • Avoid smoking and limit alcohol
  • Maintain a healthy weight

Living With Dyslipidemia

  • Take medicines exactly as prescribed
  • Track your numbers over time
  • Remember: cholesterol management is about long-term heart health, not just a lab test
  • Support is available — you are not alone
Questions to Ask Your Healthcare Team
  • What are my cholesterol and triglyceride numbers, and what should my goals be?
  • Do I need medication in addition to lifestyle changes?
  • Should I be tested for ApoB or Lp(a)?
  • How often should I have my blood checked?
  • What side effects should I watch for?

Need more information?

Visit the HeartLife Academy for comprehensive video resources about Dyslipidemia and other cardiovascular health.

Check it out

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